The combination of mitral stenosis with ostium secundum ASD is known as Lutembacher syndrome.

• A. Lutembacher syndrome
• B. Carcinoid syndrome
• C. Marfan syndrome
• D. Heyde syndrome

Answer: (A)

Lutembacher syndrome is the combination of rheumatic mitral stenosis with an atrial septal defect, typically ostium secundum. The stiff, narrowed mitral valve increases left atrial pressure and pulmonary venous pressure, causing dyspnea and congestion. The concurrent ASD provides a route for blood to move from the high-pressure left atrium to the right atrium, which can reduce left atrial pressure and pulmonary congestion temporarily but creates a chronic left-to-right shunt with increased right heart volume load. This distinctive pairing—mitral stenosis plus an ostium secundum ASD—defines the syndrome and is why the name is used.

Carcinoid syndrome mainly affects right-sided valves and causes fibrous plaques there, not this mitral valve–septal defect combination. Marfan syndrome features aortic root and other connective tissue problems rather than this specific mitral ASD pairing. Heyde syndrome describes an association between aortic stenosis and GI bleeding from angiodysplasia, not related to mitral stenosis with ASD.